KRAS mutations detected by the amplification refractory mutation system–Scorpion assays strongly correlate with therapeutic effect of cetuximab

Association of KRAS p.G13D mutation with outcome in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab.

CONTEXT Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have KRAS codon 12- or KRAS codon 13-mutated tumors are presently excluded from treatment with the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody cetuximab. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that KRAS codon 13 mutations are associated with a better outcome after treatment with cetuximab than observed with other KRAS mutations. ...

Detection of five common CFTR mutations by rapid-cycle real-time amplification refractory mutation system PCR.

The Quantitative Amplification Refractory Mutation System

The amplifi cation refractory mutation system (ARMS), which has also been described as allele-specifi c PCR (ASP) and PCR amplifi cation of specifi c alleles (PASA), is a PCR-based method of detecting single base mutations (Newton et al., 1989). ARMS has been applied successfully to the analysis of a wide range of polymorphisms, germline mutations and somatic mutations. The technique has the ab...

Colorectal cancer: cetuximab, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA mutations and beyond.

With a long-term disease-free survival rate of 35% after multimodal treatment of stages II and III colorectal cancer (CRC) and mean overall survival (OS) of approximately 20 months in the metastatic setting, progress in the management of CRC is faster and the prognosis is better than for other gastrointestinal tumors [1]. Over the last 10 years systemic-targeted therapy has led to hope for furt...

the evaluation of language related engagment and task related engagment with the purpose of investigating the effect of metatalk and task typology

abstract while task-based instruction is considered as the most effective way to learn a language in the related literature, it is oversimplified on various grounds. different variables may affect how students are engaged with not only the language but also with the task itself. the present study was conducted to investigate language and task related engagement on the basis of the task typolog...